BIDS Tutorial Series: Automate the Introductory Walkthrough

February 22, 2018

Introduction

Welcome to part 1B of the tutorial series “Getting Started with BIDS”. This tutorial will illustrate how one can automate the conversation of DICOMs into a valid BIDS dataset. This tutorial will follow the same workflow detailed in part 1A of this tutorial series. We will be using DICOMs from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI) Rockland Sample – Multiband Imaging Test-Retest Pilot Dataset. We will be following the specifications described in the BIDS Specification version 1.0.2. If you are running into issues, please post your questions on NeuroStars with the bids tag. The next parts of this tutorial series will examine off-the-shelf solutions to consider using to convert your dataset into the BIDS standard.

Table of Contents

B. Automated custom conversation

Initialize script and create the dataset_description file
Create anatomical folders and convert dicoms
Rename anatomical files
Organize anatomical files and validate
Create diffusion folders and convert dicoms
Rename diffusion files
Organize diffusion files and validate
Create functional folders and convert dicoms
Rename and organize functional files
Task event tsv files
Fix errors
Validate and add participant

1B. Automated Custom Solution

The automated custom solution is going through the same process done in part 1A, but with a script. The automated custom solution is written in a bash shell script. This script is dependent upon homebrew, jo, jq, dcm2niix (jo and jq can be installed from homebrew). The script assumes that the Dicom folder with subjects needed to be converted exists. Each code snippet is part of the larger script.

Step 1. To begin, we need to define our paths and create the Nifti directory. These paths need to be changed according to what your paths are. These path variables are important to remember because these path variables are called throughout the script. (i.e. the variable niidir is defined as the path: /Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/NKI_script/Nifti)

#!/bin/bash

set -e 
####Defining pathways
toplvl=/Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/NKI_script
dcmdir=/Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/NKI_script/Dicom
dcm2niidir=/Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/dcm2niix_3-Jan-2018_mac
#Create nifti directory
mkdir ${toplvl}/Nifti
niidir=${toplvl}/Nifti

Then we can generate the dataset_description.json file.

###Create dataset_description.json
jo -p "Name"="NKI-Rockland Sample - Multiband Imaging Test-Retest Pilot Dataset" "BIDSVersion"="1.0.2" >> ${niidir}/dataset_description.json

Step 2. To begin the workflow, the loop prints out the subject currently being processed and creates the session and anat folder within the subject folder. Then we convert with dcm2niix the anatomical dicoms into the nifti and json file, and output them in the subject folder within the Nifti folder (output pictured below). Please note that the converter input is the anat folder within the subjects Dicom folder.

The for loop can iterate through every subject defined in the Dicom directory. For this walkthrough, we are only running through participant 2475376. One may add participant 3893245 when comfortable with the workflow. A participant will go through the entire workflow before the next one begins.

####Anatomical Organization####
for subj in 2475376; do
	echo "Processing subject $subj"

###Create structure
mkdir -p ${niidir}/sub-${subj}/ses-1/anat

###Convert dcm to nii
#Only convert the Dicom folder anat
for direcs in anat; do
${dcm2niidir}/dcm2niix -o ${niidir}/sub-${subj} -f ${subj}_%f_%p ${dcmdir}/${subj}/${direcs}
done

We changed the directory to where the converted nifti images are. In that directory, we can more easily change the filenames for the anat nii and json files.

#Changing directory into the subject folder
cd ${niidir}/sub-${subj}

Step 3. Now we can rename the anat files, following the same rule applied in step 6 of part A. This code snippet will capture the number of anat files needed to be changed, go through each anat file and rename it to the valid BIDS filename.

###Change filenames
##Rename anat files
#Example filename: 2475376_anat_MPRAGE
#BIDS filename: sub-2475376_ses-1_T1w
#Capture the number of anat files to change
anatfiles=$(ls -1 *MPRAGE* | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=${anatfiles};i++)); do
Anat=$(ls *MPRAGE*) #This is to refresh the Anat variable, if this is not in the loop, each iteration a new "No such file or directory error", this is because the filename was changed. 
tempanat=$(ls -1 $Anat | sed '1q;d') #Capture new file to change
tempanatext="${tempanat##*.}"
tempanatfile="${tempanat%.*}"
mv ${tempanatfile}.${tempanatext} sub-${subj}_ses-1_T1w.${tempanatext}
echo "${tempanat} changed to sub-${subj}_ses-1_T1w.${tempanatext}"
done

Step 4. Next, we can organize the valid BIDS filenames into the ses-1/anat folder. The complete file structure to this point is pictured below.

###Organize files into folders
for files in $(ls sub*); do 
Orgfile="${files%.*}"
Orgext="${files##*.}"
Modality=$(echo $Orgfile | rev | cut -d '_' -f1 | rev)
if [ $Modality == "T1w" ]; then
	mv ${Orgfile}.${Orgext} ses-1/anat
else
:
fi 
done

We have completed organizing the anat files. One can try confirming this is a validated BIDS dataset at this point. Once the validation is confirmed, we are ready to organize the diffusion files.

Step 5. To begin organizing the diffusion scans, we will generate the folder structure by creating a dwi folder within ses-1 and ses-2. Then we can convert the Dicom DTI folders within session1 and session2 and output the nii and json files to the participants Nifti folder. The output and current file structure can be seen below.

####Diffusion Organization####
#Create subject folder 
mkdir -p ${niidir}/sub-${subj}/{ses-1,ses-2}/dwi

###Convert dcm to nii
#Converting the two diffusion Dicom directories
for direcs in session1 session2; do
${dcm2niidir}/dcm2niix -o ${niidir}/sub-${subj} -f ${subj}_${direcs}_%p ${dcmdir}/${subj}/${direcs}/DTI*
done

Next, we change the directory into the participants Nifti folder, where the converted nii and json files are.

#Changing directory into the subject folder
cd ${niidir}/sub-${subj}

Step 6. Now we can rename the diffusion nii and json files, similar to step 9 in part A. The original filename and BIDS filename are printed out.

#change dwi
#Example filename: 2475376_session2_DIFF_137_AP_RR
#BIDS filename: sub-2475376_ses-2_dwi
#difffiles will capture how many filenames to change
difffiles=$(ls -1 *DIFF* | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=${difffiles};i++));
do
	Diff=$(ls *DIFF*) #This is to refresh the diff variable, same as the cases above. 
	tempdiff=$(ls -1 $Diff | sed '1q;d')
	tempdiffext="${tempdiff##*.}"
	tempdifffile="${tempdiff%.*}"
	Sessionnum=$(echo $tempdifffile | cut -d '_' -f2)
	Difflast=$(echo "${Sessionnum: -1}")
	if [ $Difflast == 2 ]; then 
	ses=2
	else
	ses=1
	fi
	mv ${tempdifffile}.${tempdiffext} sub-${subj}_ses-${ses}_dwi.${tempdiffext}
	echo "$tempdiff changed to sub-${subj}_ses-${ses}_dwi.${tempdiffext}"
done

Step 7. After the filenames have been renamed, we can organize the files into their correct directories. The filenames and structure are visualized below.

###Organize files into folders
for files in $(ls sub*); do 
Orgfile="${files%.*}"
Orgext="${files##*.}"
Modality=$(echo $Orgfile | rev | cut -d '_' -f1 | rev)
Sessionnum=$(echo $Orgfile | cut -d '_' -f2)
Difflast=$(echo "${Sessionnum: -1}")
if [[ $Modality == "dwi" && $Difflast == 2 ]]; then
	mv ${Orgfile}.${Orgext} ses-2/dwi
else
if [[ $Modality == "dwi" && $Difflast == 1 ]]; then
	mv ${Orgfile}.${Orgext} ses-1/dwi
fi 
fi
done

We have completed the organization of the diffusion scans. One may confirm this is still a valid BIDS dataset through validation. Once validated, we are ready to organize the functional scans.

Step 8. To begin organizing the functional scans, we will create the functional folder structure by adding a func folder to both ses-1 and ses-2. With the folders created, we can now convert the functional dicom files to nifti and json files. To do this, we converted the folders that comprise the functional dicoms and output the nii and json files to within the participant’s folders in the Nifti directory. The folder names are contained within the for loop. The output and folder structure is visualized below.

####Functional Organization####
#Create subject folder
mkdir -p ${niidir}/sub-${subj}/{ses-1,ses-2}/func

###Convert dcm to nii
for direcs in TfMRI_breathHold_1400 TfMRI_eyeMovementCalibration_1400 TfMRI_eyeMovementCalibration_645 TfMRI_visualCheckerboard_1400 TfMRI_visualCheckerboard_645 session1 session2; do
if [[ $direcs == "session1" || $direcs == "session2" ]]; then
for rest in RfMRI_mx_645 RfMRI_mx_1400 RfMRI_std_2500; do 
${dcm2niidir}/dcm2niix -o ${niidir}/sub-${subj} -f ${subj}_${direcs}_%p ${dcmdir}/${subj}/${direcs}/${rest}
done
else
${dcm2niidir}/dcm2niix -o ${niidir}/sub-${subj} -f ${subj}_${direcs}_%p ${dcmdir}/${subj}/${direcs}
fi
done

We changed the directory into where the converted nii and json files are, in the participant’s Nifti folder.

#Changing directory into the subject folder
cd ${niidir}/sub-${subj}

Step 9. Now we can rename the func files, similar to step 12 in part A. To do this, we changed filenames task by task. The order we renamed in: Checkerboard, eye movement, breath hold, and rest. Note that the rest scans still span across 2 sessions.
Checkerboard files renamed

##Rename func files
#Break the func down into each task
#Checkerboard task
#Example filename: 2475376_TfMRI_visualCheckerboard_645_CHECKERBOARD_645_RR
#BIDS filename: sub-2475376_ses-1_task-Checkerboard_acq-TR645_bold
#Capture the number of checkerboard files to change
checkerfiles=$(ls -1 *CHECKERBOARD* | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=${checkerfiles};i++)); do
Checker=$(ls *CHECKERBOARD*) #This is to refresh the Checker variable, same as the Anat case
tempcheck=$(ls -1 $Checker | sed '1q;d') #Capture new file to change
tempcheckext="${tempcheck##*.}"
tempcheckfile="${tempcheck%.*}"
TR=$(echo $tempcheck | cut -d '_' -f4) #f4 is the fourth field delineated by _ to capture the acquisition TR from the filename
mv ${tempcheckfile}.${tempcheckext} sub-${subj}_ses-1_task-Checkerboard_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${tempcheckext}
echo "${tempcheckfile}.${tempcheckext} changed to sub-${subj}_ses-1_task-Checkerboard_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${tempcheckext}"
done

Eye movement calibration files renamed

#Eye Movement
#Example filename: 2475376_TfMRI_eyeMovementCalibration_645_EYE_MOVEMENT_645_RR
#BIDS filename: sub-2475376_ses-1_task-eyemovement_acq-TR645_bold
#Capture the number of eyemovement files to change
eyefiles=$(ls -1 *EYE* | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=${eyefiles};i++)); do
Eye=$(ls *EYE*)
tempeye=$(ls -1 $Eye | sed '1q;d')
tempeyeext="${tempeye##*.}"
tempeyefile="${tempeye%.*}"
TR=$(echo $tempeye | cut -d '_' -f4) #f4 is the fourth field delineated by _ to capture the acquisition TR from the filename
mv ${tempeyefile}.${tempeyeext} sub-${subj}_ses-1_task-eyemovement_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${tempeyeext}
echo "${tempeyefile}.${tempeyeext} changed to sub-${subj}_ses-1_task-eyemovement_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${tempeyeext}"
done

Breath holding files renamed

#Breath Hold
#Example filename: 2475376_TfMRI_breathHold_1400_BREATH_HOLD_1400_RR
#BIDS filename: sub-2475376_ses-1_task-breathhold_acq-TR1400_bold
#Capture the number of breath hold files to change
breathfiles=$(ls -1 *BREATH* | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=${breathfiles};i++)); do
Breath=$(ls *BREATH*)
tempbreath=$(ls -1 $Breath | sed '1q;d')
tempbreathext="${tempbreath##*.}"
tempbreathfile="${tempbreath%.*}"
TR=$(echo $tempbreath | cut -d '_' -f4) #f4 is the fourth field delineated by _ to capture the acquisition TR from the filename
mv ${tempbreathfile}.${tempbreathext} sub-${subj}_ses-1_task-breathhold_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${tempbreathext}
echo "${tempbreathfile}.${tempbreathext} changed to sub-${subj}_ses-1_task-breathhold_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${tempbreathext}"
done

Rest files renamed

#Rest
#Example filename: 2475376_session1_REST_645_RR
#BIDS filename: sub-2475376_ses-1_task-rest_acq-TR645_bold
#Breakdown rest scans into each TR
for TR in 645 1400 CAP; do 
for corrun in $(ls *REST_${TR}*); do
corrunfile="${corrun%.*}"
corrunfileext="${corrun##*.}"
Sessionnum=$(echo $corrunfile | cut -d '_' -f2)
sesnum=$(echo "${Sessionnum: -1}") 
if [ $sesnum == 2 ]; then 
ses=2
else
	ses=1
fi
if [ $TR == "CAP" ]; then
	TR=2500
else
	:
fi
mv ${corrunfile}.${corrunfileext} sub-${subj}_ses-${ses}_task-rest_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${corrunfileext}
echo "${corrun} changed to sub-${subj}_ses-${ses}_task-rest_acq-TR${TR}_bold.${corrunfileext}"
done
done

Next, we will organize the files into the correct directories. We have shown below, the filenames and organization.


###Organize files into folders
for files in $(ls sub*); do 
Orgfile="${files%.*}"
Orgext="${files##*.}"
Modality=$(echo $Orgfile | rev | cut -d '_' -f1 | rev)
Sessionnum=$(echo $Orgfile | cut -d '_' -f2)
Difflast=$(echo "${Sessionnum: -1}")
if [[ $Modality == "bold" && $Difflast == 2 ]]; then
	mv ${Orgfile}.${Orgext} ses-2/func
else
if [[ $Modality == "bold" && $Difflast == 1 ]]; then
	mv ${Orgfile}.${Orgext} ses-1/func
fi 
fi
done

Step 10. Now we need to create the task event tsv files for each of our tasks. The task designs can be found on the NKI webpage. To determine the Checkerboard events file, one will look at the Checkerboard task design. Here we generated the Checkerboard TR=645 event file.

###Create events tsv files
##Create Checkerboard event file
#Checkerboard acq-TR645
#Generate Checkerboard acq-TR645 event tsv if it doesn't exist
if [ -e ${niidir}/task-Checkerboard_acq-TR645_events.tsv ]; then
	:
else
#Create events file with headers
echo -e onset'\t'duration'\t'trial_type > ${niidir}/task-Checkerboard_acq-TR645_events.tsv
#This file will be placed at the level where dataset_description file and subject folders are.
#The reason for this file location is because the event design is consistent across subjects.
#If the event design is consistent across subjects, we can put it at this level. This is because of the Inheritance principle.

#Create onset column
echo -e 0'\n'20'\n'40'\n'60'\n'80'\n'100 > ${niidir}/temponset.txt 

#Create duration column
echo -e 20'\n'20'\n'20'\n'20'\n'20'\n'20 > ${niidir}/tempdur.txt

#Create trial_type column
echo -e Fixation'\n'Checkerboard'\n'Fixation'\n'Checkerboard'\n'Fixation'\n'Checkerboard > ${niidir}/temptrial.txt

#Paste onset and duration into events file
paste -d '\t' ${niidir}/temponset.txt ${niidir}/tempdur.txt ${niidir}/temptrial.txt >> ${niidir}/task-Checkerboard_acq-TR645_events.tsv

#remove temp files
rm ${niidir}/tempdur.txt ${niidir}/temponset.txt ${niidir}/temptrial.txt
fi

Since both acquisitions have the same task design, we can simply copy the events file, but renamed.

##Checkerboard acq-TR1400
#Generate Checkerboard acq-TR1400 event tsv if it doesn't exist
if [ -e ${niidir}/task-Checkerboard_acq-TR1400_events.tsv ]; then
	:
else
#Because the checkerboard design is consistent across the different TRs
#We can copy the above event file and change the name
cp ${niidir}/task-Checkerboard_acq-TR645_events.tsv ${niidir}/task-Checkerboard_acq-TR1400_events.tsv
fi

Now, we will generate the event file for eye movement. We downloaded the eye movement paradigm. The path that we set for eye movement paradigm was: /Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/EyemovementCalibParadigm.txt . This needs to be edited in the script to where one placed their paradigm file.

##Eye movement acq-TR645
#Generate eye movement acq-TR645 event tsv if it doesn't exist
if [ -e ${niidir}/task-eyemovement_acq-TR645_events.tsv ]; then
	:
else
#Create events file with headers
echo -e onset'\t'duration > ${niidir}/task-eyemovement_acq-TR645_events.tsv

#Creating duration first to help generate the onset file
#Create temponset file
onlength=$(cat /Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/EyemovementCalibParadigm.txt | wc -l)
for ((i=2;i<=$((onlength-1));i++)); do 
ontime=$(cat /Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/EyemovementCalibParadigm.txt | sed "${i}q;d" | cut -d ',' -f1) 
echo -e ${ontime} >> ${niidir}/temponset.txt
done
cp ${niidir}/temponset.txt ${niidir}/temponset2.txt
echo 108 >> ${niidir}/temponset2.txt #Eye calibration length is 108 seconds

#Generate tempdur file
durlength=$(cat ${niidir}/temponset2.txt | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=$((durlength-1));i++)); do 
durtime=$(cat ${niidir}/temponset2.txt | sed $((i+1))"q;d") 
onsettime=$(cat ${niidir}/temponset2.txt | sed "${i}q;d") 
newdur=$(echo "$durtime - $onsettime"|bc) 
echo "${newdur}" >> ${niidir}/tempdur.txt
done

#Paste onset and duration into events file
paste -d '\t' ${niidir}/temponset.txt ${niidir}/tempdur.txt >> ${niidir}/task-eyemovement_acq-TR645_events.tsv

#rm temp files
rm ${niidir}/tempdur.txt ${niidir}/temponset.txt ${niidir}/temponset2.txt 
fi

Since the task design is consistent across different TR, we can simply copy the task design, but with a different filename.

##Eye movement acq-TR1400
#Generate eye movement acq-TR1400 event tsv if it doesn't exist
if [ -e ${niidir}/task-eyemovement_acq-TR1400_events.tsv ]; then
	:
else
#Because the eye movement calibration is consistent across the different TRs
#We can copy the above event file and change the name
cp ${niidir}/task-eyemovement_acq-TR645_events.tsv ${niidir}/task-eyemovement_acq-TR1400_events.tsv
fi

Lastly, we will create the event file for the breath hold task by looking at the breath hold design file.

##Breath hold acq-TR1400
#Generate breath hold acq-TR1400 event tsv if it doesn't exist
if [ -e ${niidir}/task-breathhold_acq-TR1400_events.tsv ]; then
	:
else
#Create events file with headers
echo -e onset'\t'duration > ${niidir}/task-breathhold_acq-TR1400_events.tsv

#Create duration column
#Creating duration first to help generate the onset file
dur1=10
dur2=2
dur3=3

#Create tempdur file
for ((i=1;i<=7;i++)); do 
echo -e ${dur1}'\n'${dur2}'\n'${dur2}'\n'${dur2}'\n'${dur2}'\n'${dur3}'\n'${dur3}'\n'${dur3}'\n'${dur3}'\n'${dur3}'\n'${dur3} >> ${niidir}/tempdur.txt
done

#Create onset column
#Initialize temponset file
echo -e 0 > ${niidir}/temponset.txt

#Generate temponset file
durlength=$(cat ${niidir}/tempdur.txt | wc -l)
for ((i=1;i<=$((durlength-1));i++)); do 
durtime=$(cat ${niidir}/tempdur.txt | sed "${i}q;d") 
onsettime=$(cat ${niidir}/temponset.txt | sed "${i}q;d") 
newonset=$((durtime+onsettime)) 
echo ${newonset} >> ${niidir}/temponset.txt
done

#Paste onset and duration into events file
paste -d '\t' ${niidir}/temponset.txt ${niidir}/tempdur.txt >> ${niidir}/task-breathhold_acq-TR1400_events.tsv

#rm temp files
rm ${niidir}/tempdur.txt ${niidir}/temponset.txt 
fi

Pictured below is the current file structure.

Step 11. At this point, one may try validating. However, one will receive the same error message from part A regarding defining TaskName in the task json files. The slice timing for multiband imaging was corrected in the version of dcm2niix implemented in the script.

To correct this error, we will confirm that each task json file has the required fields: RepetitionTime, VolumeTiming or SliceTiming, and TaskName. This code snippet will evaluate if RepetitionTime exists, if SliceTiming (or VolumeTiming) exist and the timings are all less than the RepetitionTime, and if TaskName is defined. In addition, if TaskName is not defined, TaskName will be added to the json file with TaskName being the task label in the filename.

###Check func json for required fields
#Required fields for func: 'RepetitionTime','VolumeTiming' or 'SliceTiming', and 'TaskName'
#capture all jsons to test
for sessnum in ses-1 ses-2; do
cd ${niidir}/sub-${subj}/${sessnum}/func #Go into the func folder
for funcjson in $(ls *.json); do 

#Repeition Time exist?
repeatexist=$(cat ${funcjson} | jq '.RepetitionTime')
if [[ ${repeatexist} == "null" ]]; then   
	echo "${funcjson} doesn't have RepetitionTime defined"
else
echo "${funcjson} has RepetitionTime defined"
fi

#VolumeTiming or SliceTiming exist?
#Constraint SliceTiming can't be great than TR
volexist=$(cat ${funcjson} | jq '.VolumeTiming')
sliceexist=$(cat ${funcjson} | jq '.SliceTiming')
if [[ ${volexist} == "null" && ${sliceexist} == "null" ]]; then
echo "${funcjson} doesn't have VolumeTiming or SliceTiming defined"
else
if [[ ${volexist} == "null" ]]; then
echo "${funcjson} has SliceTiming defined"
#Check SliceTiming is less than TR
sliceTR=$(cat ${funcjson} | jq '.SliceTiming[] | select(.>="$repeatexist")')
if [ -z ${sliceTR} ]; then
echo "All SliceTiming is less than TR" #The slice timing was corrected in the newer dcm2niix version called through command line
else
echo "SliceTiming error"
fi
else
echo "${funcjson} has VolumeTiming defined"
fi
fi

#Does TaskName exist?
taskexist=$(cat ${funcjson} | jq '.TaskName')
if [ "$taskexist" == "null" ]; then
jsonname="${funcjson%.*}"
taskfield=$(echo $jsonname | cut -d '_' -f2 | cut -d '-' -f2)
jq '. |= . + {"TaskName":"'${taskfield}'"}' ${funcjson} > tasknameadd.json
rm ${funcjson}
mv tasknameadd.json ${funcjson}
echo "TaskName was added to ${jsonname} and matches the tasklabel in the filename"
else
Taskquotevalue=$(jq '.TaskName' ${funcjson})
Taskvalue=$(echo $Taskquotevalue | cut -d '"' -f2)	
jsonname="${funcjson%.*}"
taskfield=$(echo $jsonname | cut -d '_' -f2 | cut -d '-' -f2)
if [ $Taskvalue == $taskfield ]; then
echo "TaskName is present and matches the tasklabel in the filename"
else
echo "TaskName and tasklabel do not match"
fi
fi

done
done

Step 12. Now if we try to validate, we find that this dataset is a valid BIDS dataset! To capture both subjects, one can change the subj for loop at the top of the script to replace participant 3893245 for 2475376 in the loop. After running participant 3893245 through the workflow, we find the same warnings as the part A curated dataset; the checkerboard scans across subjects have different time dimensions and the dwi may be missing scans because there is only 1 diffusion scan for participant 3893245 and 2 diffusion scans for participant 2475376. Note: Do not have both participants in the for loop if one has already been run and organized, this will cause an error.

This first tutorial part illustrated how to convert DICOMs from the NKI Test-Retest dataset to a validated BIDS dataset. We illustrated doing it A. manually and B. an automated custom solution. The next tutorial will show how to complete this conversation using an off-the-shelf BIDS converter: HeuDiconv.

234 Comments

Lauren 7 years

Hi, Can you tell me if there is an amendment if you have MOCO files from a Siemens scanner?
Franklin Feingold 7 years

Thank you for your question. To distinguish your MOCO file you may add to the filename the “rec” label. This rec label would be placed after task and acq (acq is optional). This can be found described here: http://bids.neuroimaging.io/bids_spec1.1.0.pdf#page=22
sarah 7 years

Hello, I am unable to create the dataset_description.json file using the jo command as it does not exist (I am a mac user). I can’t seem to find any other way to make my bash script do this, any suggestions?
Franklin Feingold 6 years

Thank you for your question. To confirm, were you able to download and install the jo package successfully? The jo package can found here: https://github.com/jpmens/jo .
laços para cabelo infantil passo a passo 6 years

Vários modelos e cores de Tiaras e Faixas Para Bebês. https://blogprojeto.com/tiaras-para-bebe/
como Conquistar um homem casado 6 years

E ele vai voltar pq somos feitos de amor. http://shorl.com/brabibroprobefre
Rachel 6 years

Hi, I have a question about pathway in this script:

####Defining pathways
toplvl=/Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/NKI_script
dcmdir=/Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/NKI_script/Dicom
dcm2niidir=/Users/franklinfeingold/Desktop/dcm2niix_3-Jan-2018_mac
#Create nifti directory
mkdir ${toplvl}/Nifti
niidir=${toplvl}/Nifti

####Anatomical Organization####
for subj in 2475376; do
echo “Processing subject $subj”

###Create structure
mkdir -p ${niidir}/sub-${subj}/ses-1/anat

###Convert dcm to nii
#Only convert the Dicom folder anat
for direcs in anat; do
${dcm2niidir}/dcm2niix -o ${niidir}/sub-${subj} -f ${subj}_%f_%p ${dcmdir}/${subj}/${direcs}
done

From my understanding dcmdir is a Dicom folder with sub folders for every subject. So I have a folder named Dicom on my computer with sub folders for each subject. Then a new folder on the Dicom level is created for new Nifti files. And subject 2475376 is a subfolder of Dicom with dicom files inside. With this set up the script is not running properly. The Nifty folder is being created with the structure but I am getting a message saying no dicoms are found for converting. Can you please explain how my folders should be set up? Where subjects should be placed etc.?
Franklin Feingold 6 years

Hi Rachel,
Thank you for your question. To confirm, your dicom file structure should look like Dicom/2475376/anat/*.dcm . It may appear that the anat folder is missing.
The dicom file structure is shown in part 1A of this tutorial series: http://reproducibility.stanford.edu/bids-tutorial-series-part-1a/. For example, at step 5 I showed the file structure for the anatomical scan. The script is going into each scan sequence dicom directory. This is being done in the last section of the code you posted under the “#Only convert the Dicom folder anat” comment. The for loop is running through the anat folder to only convert the anatomical scan.
Paulina 6 years

Hi Franklin,

I have no access to original dicom files, only nifti, .par, and .rec files. Is it possible to convert my files to BIDS format (automated way preferably) at this point? If it’s possible, what would be the way to go about this?

Thanks!
Paulina
Franklin Feingold 6 years

Hi Paulina,

Thank you for your question! It is possible to convert your files to the BIDS format from the nifti files. (for the .par and .rec files they may be converted to nifti as well. I found this question that may explain how to do that – https://www.nitrc.org/forum/message.php?msg_id=11974). Once you have the nifti this tutorial shows how to rename and structure those niftis to follow the BIDS format. For example in anatomicals this would be following step 3 and 4. This may require writing a script that changes your current naming and structure to BIDS. Step 3 and 4 provide one way this may be done.

Thank you,
Franklin
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Lemon: A Soothing Remedy for Sore Throat
A sore throat can be uncomfortable and bothersome, making it difficult to swallow or speak. Fortunately, there are natural remedies that can provide relief, and one such remedy is the humble lemon. Known for its tangy flavor and rich vitamin C content, lemons offer a range of benefits for soothing a sore throat. In this article, we will explore the reasons why lemon is good for a sore throat and how it can be used effectively to alleviate discomfort. So, let’s delve into the world of lemons and discover their remarkable properties.

Table of Contents
Introduction: Understanding the Power of Lemons for Sore Throats
Vitamin C: A Key Player in Soothing Sore Throats
Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Lemons
Soothing and Hydrating Properties of Lemon Juice
Natural Cough Suppressant
Honey and Lemon: A Dynamic Duo for Sore Throats
Lemon Tea: A Soothing Beverage for Sore Throats
Gargling with Lemon Water
Lemon Essential Oil: Inhalation for Relief
Precautions and Considerations
Conclusion
1. Introduction: Understanding the Power of Lemons for Sore Throats
Lemons, scientifically known as Citrus limon, are citrus fruits cherished for their refreshing taste and versatility. They are an excellent source of vitamin C, an essential nutrient known for its immune-boosting properties. When it comes to sore throats, lemons can provide relief and support the healing process.

2. Vitamin C: A Key Player in Soothing Sore Throats
Lemons are packed with vitamin C, which is known to strengthen the immune system and fight off infections. When you have a sore throat, your immune system is working hard to combat the underlying cause. Consuming lemons or lemon juice can provide a significant dose of vitamin C, helping your immune system function optimally and potentially speeding up the healing process.

3. Antibacterial and Antiviral Properties of Lemons
Lemons possess natural antibacterial and antiviral properties, which can be beneficial for a sore throat. The compounds found in lemons may help inhibit the growth of bacteria or viruses that could be causing the discomfort. By incorporating lemons into your remedies, you can provide your body with additional support in fighting off the infection and reducing inflammation.

4. Soothing and Hydrating Properties of Lemon Juice
One of the most noticeable benefits of using lemon for a sore throat is its soothing and hydrating properties. When mixed with warm water or tea, lemon juice can provide a soothing coating to the throat, alleviating dryness and irritation. Additionally, the hydration offered by lemon-infused drinks can help thin mucus and reduce discomfort.

5. Natural Cough Suppressant
Coughing is often associated with a sore throat and can further irritate the delicate tissues. Lemon’s natural cough-suppressant properties can help alleviate the urge to cough, providing temporary relief. Sipping on lemon-infused drinks can help soothe the throat and reduce coughing spells, allowing you to rest and recover more comfortably.

6. Honey and Lemon: A Dynamic Duo for Sore Throats
Combining lemon with honey creates a powerful remedy for a sore throat. Honey is known for its antibacterial and soothing properties, making it an excellent companion to lemon. Mixing warm water, lemon juice, and a teaspoon of honey creates a soothing elixir that can help reduce inflammation, coat the throat, and alleviate discomfort.

7. Lemon Tea: A Soothing Beverage for Sore Throats
Lemon tea is a classic remedy for sore throats, offering both the benefits of lemon and the soothing effects of warm liquids. To make lemon tea, simply squeeze fresh lemon juice into a cup of warm water and, if desired, add a teaspoon of honey for added sweetness. Sip on this comforting beverage throughout the day to soothe your throat and enjoy the benefits of vitamin C.

8. Gargling with Lemon Water
Gargling with lemon water can provide direct contact between the lemon’s beneficial compounds and the inflamed tissues in your throat. To make a lemon gargle solution, mix the juice of half a lemon with a cup of warm water. Gargle with this mixture for about 30 seconds before spitting it out. Repeat this process several times a day for relief from sore throat symptoms.

9. Lemon Essential Oil: Inhalation for Relief
Lemon essential oil, extracted from the lemon peel, can also be used to alleviate sore throat discomfort. Add a few drops of lemon essential oil to a bowl of hot water and inhale the steam. The soothing aroma of lemon can help reduce throat irritation and ease congestion. Ensure that you are using pure, high-quality essential oil for safe and effective use.

10. Precautions and Considerations
While lemons offer numerous benefits for sore throats, it’s essential to consider a few precautions. Lemon juice, when consumed in excess, can erode tooth enamel due to its acidic nature. To protect your teeth, it’s advisable to dilute lemon juice with water or consume it alongside a meal. Additionally, if you have any allergies or sensitivities to lemons, it’s best to avoid using lemon-based remedies.

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Lemons are a natural and refreshing remedy for soothing sore throats. Packed with immune-boosting vitamin C, antibacterial properties, and a soothing effect, lemons can provide relief and support the healing process. Whether consumed as lemon water, lemon tea, or combined with honey, lemons offer a range of options to alleviate discomfort and promote a faster recovery. So, the next time you’re battling a sore throat, reach for a lemon and harness the power of this citrus gem.

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BIDS Tutorial Series: Automate the Introductory Walkthrough

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